Pregnancy Resources: Studies and Helplines for Expecting Mothers

July 23, 2019

Expecting a child can be an exciting and yet overwhelming time. From figuring out which prenatal vitamins to take to determining whether or not to get a C-section, there’s a lot to consider. This guide aims to provide a list of relevant studies, resources, and helplines to assist pregnant women in navigating this stage of their lives.

A pregnant mother in a maroon dress cradles her belly.

Pregnancy Statistics

In 2016, the most recent year for which data is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 3,945,875 babies were born in the U.S. Here’s a look at some more numbers from 2016:

The fertility rate was 62 births per 1,000 women, aged 15 to 44.
Around 8.2 percent of babies were born with low birth weight.
Around 9.8 percent were born preterm.
The average age of first-time mothers was 26.2 years old.
There were 1,258,581 babies (31.9 percent) born via cesarean section delivery.
The twin birth rate was 33.4 per 1,000 live births.

For more pregnancy- and birth-related statistics, visit the CDC websiteExternal link:.

Emotional Stress and Pregnancy

Although pregnancy can be filled with excitement and anticipation, it’s not always easy. Multiple studies have demonstrated that a stressful pregnancy can lead to adverse effects on both mother and child.

A 2012 studyExternal link: published in Current Opinion in Psychiatry showed that “anxiety in pregnancy is associated with shorter gestation and has adverse implications for fetal neurodevelopment and child outcomes.” The study reported that depressive symptoms and chronic strain can lead to lower birth weight for infants.
In 2013, Obstetric Medicine published a studyExternal link: demonstrating that maternal stress can impact mothers during and after their pregnancy and can also lead to lasting impacts on infants throughout their development.
ResearchersExternal link: at the University of Zurich found in 2013 that if a woman dealt with long-term stress during pregnancy, there was an increase in stress hormones in her amniotic fluid. Short-term stress, however, did not have an impact.

Stress felt during the pregnancy period can be very serious and should not be taken lightly. To help combat stress while pregnancy, here are a few stress-reduction resources to get started:

A Resource Guide to Stress Management in PregnancyExternal link:: This Bloomlife resource guide covers a variety of stress-reduction methods and resources, including topics of meditation, mindfulness, prenatal yoga, birth education classes, sleep, labor support, and social support.
12 Tips to Reduce Stress During PregnancyExternal link:: This article by Everyday Health provides some outside-of-the-box thinking about getting rid of pregnancy stress. Some ideas include laughter, having visitors, and writing letters to the baby.
How to Treat Stress Naturally During PregnancyExternal link:: This American Pregnancy Association article provides an outline for what to do if stressed during pregnancy, with more resources throughout the comprehensive site.

General Pregnancy Resources

Every woman going through pregnancy deserves to have correct information available about her changing body, care of the baby both before and after birth, and branches of support which can help them through this stressful period. Below are high-quality resources about pregnancy in general, with more specific resources outlined further down.

CDCExternal link:: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer a website dedicated to pregnancy, with a focus on what to do before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as reproductive scientific studies.
USDAExternal link:: The U.S. Department of Agriculture provides an array of resources for educating pregnant women, such as suggested exercises, foods, and possible symptoms. They even have a section on vegetarian pregnancy.
FDAExternal link:: The U.S. Food and Drug Association has a pregnancy website, which covers topics such as medicine, food safety, breast pumps, and x-ray machines.
Supporting Pregnant and Parenting TeensExternal link:: The Child Welfare Information Gateway has many resources for pregnant teens and young parents, including information about pregnancy resources, legalities, and parenthood preparation.

Online Pregnancy Helplines

Managing stress during pregnancy is important for the long-term health of both mother and infant. Below are some organizations, websites, and helplines that can aid a new or expectant mom seeking to alleviate or reduce stress by providing her with more information, tips, and advice to navigate her pregnancy.

American Pregnancy HelplineExternal link:: Operated by the American Pregnancy Association, this helpline (1-800-672-2296) connects expecting mothers with support and resources to guide them through their journey.

MotherToBabyExternal link:: This website offers online resources and live chat counseling as well as a phone hotline (1-866-626-6847) and text message option for those looking for pregnancy help.

OptionLineExternal link:: OptionLine offers a support hotline (1-800-712-4357) as well as a live chat for expecting mothers with pregnancy concerns. The organization can also connect callers with local service providers.
Office on Women’s Health HotlineExternal link:: The Office on Women’s Health, part of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, has a number of resources for expecting mothers, including a helpline (1-800-994-9662).

Self-Care for Pregnant Mothers

The practice of self-care is important for everyone, but expecting mothers should place a special emphasis on looking after themselves. As mentioned above, stress can have a significant impact on the health of both mom and baby, and self-care can go a long way toward helping expectant moms manage stress. Some examples of self-care for pregnant mothers include:

Prenatal yoga and/or massage
Counseling or scheduling regular check-ins with a close friend or loved one
Prioritizing sleep
Getting regular, gentle exercise
Taking time for pampering

Self-Care Pregnancy Resources

Below is a list of resources and websites that can help expecting mothers prioritize their self-care and improve both their own and their baby’s well-being.

Do You YogaExternal link: offers a list of simple self-care ideasExternal link: that pregnant moms can easily put into practice.
ParentMapExternal link:’s list of self-care tips for millennial momsExternal link: includes the basics (like getting enough sleep and eating well), but it also reminds expecting mothers to be kind to themselves.
Concierge DoulasExternal link: breaks its list of self-care ideasExternal link: into sections for those expecting moms looking for self-care at home or outside the house.
MotherlyExternal link: offers a checklistExternal link: for new moms that can help them remember to prioritize their well-being along with their baby’s.
Midwifery TodayExternal link: offers readers 10 waysExternal link: to look after themselves during pregnancy, including staying confident and being choosy with the people they interact with.

Options for Birth

Giving birth in a hospital is far from the only option available to pregnant mothers in the U.S. In fact, there are a variety of birthing choices, providers, and locations from which a mother may be able to choose:

Home birth
Independent childbirth center
Natural hospital birth (midwife-attended)
Natural hospital birth or hospital birth with drugs (obstetrician-attended)
Preplanned C-section (medically advised or maternal choice)

Birth-Related Studies and Resources

Many pregnant women struggle to determine which method of childbirth is right for them. Below are some helpful resources and studies that may assistant expectant mothers in their decisions.

A 2013 studyExternal link: published in the Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health demonstrated “the safety of the midwifery‐led birth center model of collaborative care as well as continued low obstetric intervention rates, similar to previous studies of birth center care.”
- The majority of studies on home birth outcomes found that birthing a child at home resulted in no increase in neonatal morbidity. Planned home birth, however, remains a controversial topicExternal link:.
- The American Association of Birth CentersExternal link: provides a comprehensive directoryExternal link: of standalone birth centers across the country.
- BabyCenterExternal link: provides an exhaustive list of things to consider before and during birth, from what to pack for the hospital to how to style one’s hair during labor.
- The American Pregnancy AssociationExternal link: offers an overviewExternal link: of different types of childbirth providers and locations.
Childbirth ConnectionExternal link: offers a detailed examination of the different birthing options that may be available and offers information on how to choose the right location and provider.

Regardless of what a new mom’s form of self-care looks like, that practice becomes even more essential during pregnancy. After all, she’s caring for two (or more) now.

Whether they’re planning to get pregnant, already expecting a baby, or looking to grow their families further, expectant mothers have a wide variety of resources at their fingertips to help them prepare. Of course, moms-to-be should always consult a doctor and do the proper research before making any changes to existing routines or habits.

Sources

American Association of Birth CentersExternal link:

American Pregnancy Association, “Birthing Choices”External link:

American Pregnancy Association, “How to Treat Stress Naturally During Pregnancy”External link:

American Pregnancy HelplineExternal link:

BabyCenter, “Giving Birth”External link:

Bloomlife, Stress Management in Pregnancy – A Resource GuideExternal link:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PregnancyExternal link:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Reproductive Health Data and Statistics”External link:

Childbirth ConnectionExternal link:

Child Welfare Information Gateway, Supporting Pregnant and Parenting TeensExternal link:

Concierge Doulas, “Self-Care During Pregnancy”External link: